What Is ACL Surgery?
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most important ligaments that provide stability between the thigh bone (femur), shin bone (tibia), and kneecap (patella). It is commonly injured in sports such as basketball, football, skiing, and gymnastics due to sudden changes in direction, unstable landings after a jump, or traumatic impacts.
When the ACL loses its function, a surgical procedure called ACL reconstruction (ACL surgery) is performed to restore stability. This procedure is carried out using a minimally invasive arthroscopic technique and usually takes about 1–1.5 hours. Because of the closed (arthroscopic) method, the risks of bleeding, infection, and pain are significantly reduced.
After surgery, the patient typically stays in the hospital for one night. Soon after discharge, physical therapy and rehabilitation are recommended to ensure a successful recovery and to help the patient return to daily activities.
What Happens If an ACL Injury Is Not Treated?
If left untreated, an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury can gradually destabilize the knee joint and damage the cartilage structure. Over time, this may lead to permanent problems such as knee osteoarthritis. In addition, for individuals who engage in sports, the risk of repeated strain and further injuries significantly increases.
Treatment Options
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Surgical Treatment: Commonly preferred for athletes or active individuals to restore knee stability and allow a safe return to sports and physical activities.
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Non-Surgical Treatment: May be considered for individuals who do not engage in sports or do not require high levels of physical activity in daily life.
Post-Surgery Recovery Process
The recovery period after ACL surgery depends not only on the success of the operation itself but also on the physical therapy program that follows. Early rehabilitation is crucial to restore lost muscle strength and improve joint mobility. Starting physiotherapy at an early stage helps ensure faster and more effective healing.
Duration of Physiotherapy and Exercises
The duration of physiotherapy varies depending on the patient’s condition, but on average it lasts 6–9 weeks and may extend up to 12 weeks in some cases. With a disciplined rehabilitation program, patients can safely regain their previous physical capacity and return to sports activities.
Commonly Recommended Exercises:
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Knee Stretching Exercise:
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Sit on the floor with your legs extended forward.
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Place a towel under your foot and hold both ends firmly.
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Without lifting your heel off the ground, gently pull your knee towards yourself.
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Hold for 10 seconds, then relax and repeat.
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Stationary Bicycle Exercise:
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Light cycling can be performed at a slow pace for 5–10 minutes daily.
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Non-Surgical Treatment Methods
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Rest: Avoid putting weight on the knee to reduce both swelling and pain.
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Ice Application: Apply ice for 20–25 minutes several times a day.
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Bandaging: Use an elastic bandage around the knee for additional support.
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Elevation: Keep the leg elevated above heart level to help reduce swelling.
With proper evaluation, the right treatment plan, and a disciplined rehabilitation process, successful outcomes can be achieved in ACL injuries without surgery. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ata Can provides patients with the most up-to-date medical approaches in ACL surgery and post-treatment care.
Symptoms:
Popping sound or numbness inside the knee during movement
Severe pain and limited mobility
Discomfort while walking
Loss of range of motion
Rapid swelling of the knee
If your knee locks while in pain, a meniscus tear may also be suspected. Meniscus tears can often occur together with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.
Frequently Asked Questions:
- In some cases of ACL injuries, rest is recommended as part of the treatment. Within about one week, the swelling, pain, and redness in the leg are expected to subside. After this period, the patient can usually resume walking normally with weight on the leg.
For some patients with ACL injuries, rest is recommended as part of the treatment. Within about one week, the swelling, pain, and redness in the leg are expected to improve. After this period, the patient can usually walk normally and put weight on the leg.
- In some cases of ACL injuries, rest is recommended as part of the treatment. After about one week, swelling, pain, and redness in the leg are expected to subside. Following this period, the patient can usually resume normal walking with weight on the leg.
- In some cases of ACL injuries, rest is recommended as part of the treatment. Within about one week, the swelling, pain, and redness in the leg are expected to improve. After this stage, the patient can usually walk normally and bear weight on the leg.
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